Native Experience - TV script / Episode 2 "The New Horizon"

Sc #	Vision / Graphics	Audio / Text
1	00:02:00:00 00:02:13:16 <C001> Nuiqsut, Alaska Population 405 00:02:32:08 <C002> Memorial Day 31^st May 1999	Music – (TAPS)
2	00:02:43:04 Prologue	V/O #1: As communities throughout America today, remember those who have fallen in foreign wars, here in Nuiqsut, Alaska, 220 miles north of the Arctic Circle, Memorial Day is an occasion for the villagers to remember all loved ones who are no longer with them. Each family pays respects to its own, and shares in the potlatch – a communal celebration, at which whale meat, caribou stew and goose soup are served. Founded on the bleak tundra in the midst of the Colville River delta, the village of Nuiqsut is home to 405 men, women and children, of whom 95% are Inupiat Eskimos. For the outsider, Nuiqsut is the middle of nowhere – but for the local people, this is a generous homeland, rich in the wildlife which has been the foundation for traditional native life here since time immemorial. Nuiqsut is a village with a story – the story of the determination of Arctic people to retain their traditions, language and customs in the face of encroaching development and the growth of a cash economy. For several decades, the gradual Americanisation of Alaska’s native communities has had limited impact on the villagers here – their lives continue to be dictated by the passing of the seasons and the coming and going of the animals which they hunt to survive. But with the recent discovery of oil under the banks of the Colville River, all that may change...
3	00:04:13:12 TITLE SEQUENCE 00:04:33:22 <C003> NATIVE EXPERIENCE 00:04:36:20 <C004> Episode 2 00:04:37:09 <C005> The New Horizon	(MUSIC)
4	MONTAGE 00:04:41:19 Leonard Tukle spring midnight sun over the Chukchi Sea, Ice melts, wildlife on the tundra, Geese hunting with Eli Nukapigak	Drum music
5	00:05:01:00	V/O #2: The return of the midnight sun to the Chukchi Sea off Alaska’s northern coast heralds an end to winter’s darkness. The pack ice, which has covered these waters for several months, begins to thaw. It is the month of May, and here on Alaska’s North Slope, the transition from winter to spring to summer happens quickly. The Arctic comes to life, hibernating animals awaken to the midnight sun, and soon, what has been a cold and barren wilderness will once again be the cradle of life for hundreds of species of sea and land mammals and migratory wildfowl which flock here to breed and grow during the warm summer months. Eiderfowl, geese and trumpeter swans, follow the sea ice until they reach the river deltas of the North Slope, where they fly inland. The villagers of Nuiqsut have waited patiently for their coming...
6	00:05:57:14 INTERVIEW (OFF CAMERA)	INTERVIEW #1 Eli Nukapigak: The geese came first in first part of May when they first come around and we make hide-out in the snow or sometimes in the willows waiting for them. You gotta be expert at shooting at the geese or know how to call ‘em to come to you.
7	00:06:17:06 MONTAGE Geese hunting cont’d	(SYNC)
8	00:06:23:19 00:06:44:07 <C006> Eli Nukapigak	INTERVIEW #2 Eli Nukapigak: The hunting here is very good because it is our own farm. Arctic you can’t gro- no corn or nothing like that... this is our land the farm that we have is here in this arctic. The migration of the wildlife, the migration of caribou… arctic is our Inupiaq garden up here that we live on and depend on in a seasonal basis.
9	00:06:50:07 MONTAGE Geese hunting cont’d	V/O #3: The Inupiat Eskimos in this region are known as the Kuukpikmiut – the people of the Colville River. Whilst most Arctic peoples live close to the ocean, the Kuukpikmiut have always lived and hunted far inland, exploiting the resources which nature offers.
10	00:07:06:18 00:07:13:02 <C007> Leonard Lampe Jr.	INTERVIEW #3 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: In the old days the Kuupikmiut eh, the people of the Colville River, it’s true didn’t have a permanent address. Eh, wherever the animals roamed is where the people were roaming as well. If they had eh, if it was fishing they’d be at the river fishing eh, it was caribou they’d be heading towards the west. If they were hunting geese they’d go a little more south eh, so we didn’t have a permanent place where animals came to all year long. … it all depended on the migration of those animals where we would be living next.
11	00:07:41:01	V/O #4: The coastal plain between the mountains of the Brooks Range and the Arctic Ocean is known as the North Slope - thousands of square miles of tundra spanning all of Northern Alaska, from the Chukchi Sea in the west to Canada in the east. In common with Inuit in other Arctic regions, the Kuukpikmiut traditionally had no concept of land ownership. The only boundaries which they recognised were those dictated by nature herself – the sea, the rivers, and the mountains far to the south. For centuries the Kuukpikmiut were the only human beings here, this land was theirs...
12	00:08:16:13 00:08:19:07 <C008> Lanston Chinn	INTERVIEW #4 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation The people... require rather large areas of land that cover thousands of acres eh, because if their society is based on hunting and fishing and you have caribou who migrate for 100s and 100s of miles then essentially they need to have access to vast expanses of lands to continue that way of life.
13	00:08:41:22	V/O #5: This way of life did continue for centuries, the skills of subsistence hunting and survival in this harsh environment were passed on from one generation to the next. Their culture, traditions and spiritual beliefs forged by the land and the subsistence way of life. Although the south and west of Alaska was colonised by Russian fur-traders in 1741, it was not until the United States bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 that contact was established between the Eskimos of the north and the white explorers and settlers. By the turn of the last century, Yankee whalers and gold-prospectors from the lower states saw Alaska as America’s last frontier – a “great land” with untold wealth and open space. The settlers were followed by missionaries, teachers and doctors, whose efforts to Americanise Alaska’s remote bush communities soon became the official policy of the US government.
14	00:09:35:20	INTERVIEW #5 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation As a country US is well over 80% urban. ...it’s important that if you’re an urbanised society that you maintain order, and, and one of the means by which you maintain order is you take semi-nomadic populations and you group them together in a permanent fixed location. Because this is about social control.
15	00:09:59:15	V/O #6: The different American churches divided Alaska between themselves, each bringing its own form of evangelism to the natives of a particular region. The government dictated that all Native children must attend school, and the newcomers established churches and schools in the major towns of each region.
16	00:10:17:11	INTERVIEW #6 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: And our region was Barrow. Eh, so a lot of our Kuupikmiut people had to go back to Barrow to get an education. It was kind of, we were kind of forced it was like a draft back then, so everybody need an education, and so everybody moved back from the Colville River over to Barrow which was a big change. When you go to school you had to learn to speak English, you had to learn to write English. There was no speaking of the native tongue allowed. If you spoke the native tongue you were physically punished.
17	00:10:48:09	V/O #7: Whilst efforts to assimilate the Inupiat people into an English-speaking, Christian cash- economy were unpopular, the move to Barrow gave them access to benefits such as health-care and education, benefits which helped promote the American way of doing things.
18	00:11:03:08	INTERVIEW #7 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: It was very hard, ehm, living up in the north back then... So, going back to Barrow and moving to where there’s missionaries, where there’s churches, where there’s jobs seemed like an easier life.
19	00:11:17:05	Drum Dancing
20	00:11:26:18	V/O #8: The Kuukpikmiut adapted well to life in Barrow, they took the benefits which town life could offer, but continued to live primarily by subsistence hunting. Because learning the hunting grounds is a lifetime’s work for a subsistence hunter, most of them continued to hunt in their traditional homelands on the Colville Delta.
21	00:11:46:10	INTERVIEW #8 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: The Colville River has always been a traditional gathering place, always been a successful place for the Inupiaq people of the North Slope... so people has always come back to the Colville River knowing they can be successful, knowing there’s resources there and they’ve always been there and they always will be here if the land is taken care… of properly... it always provided rich resources of food, of caribou, fish eh, seals, walrus, of whales, so even after the move to Barrow. Lot of people came back during the seasons to the Colville area...
22	00:12:26:21	V/O #9: Along with the other Native peoples of Alaska, the Inupiat Eskimos now enjoyed the protection of the US Government. It was a protection which the Natives had never sought, and one which, with time, they would reject seeking a self-determination which would reflect their age-old relationship with their land and its natural resources. But time was working against them. During the first half of the 20th century, outsiders continued to settle in the new territory. By the end of the second world war, Alaska’s growing white population had tired of being governed by Washington. They wanted their own state government on a par with the other 48 states. In 1959, Alaska became the 49th State of the Union, at which time the newly formed state government selected ownership of some of the lands on the North Slope. Prior to this the Federal government had already reserved a large area of land between Barrow and the Colville Delta as a National Petroleum Reserve – though until oil was discovered in Prudhoe Bay in 1967, the lands selections did little to impinge on the Inupiat Eskimos’ traditional use of the land. But the discovery at Prudhoe Bay – quickly heralded as the largest oil reserve in the United States - gave the Inupiat Eskimos cause for concern...
23	00:13:43:19	INTERVIEW #9 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: We’ve always been a stable people. We’ve always hunted, fished. We’ve always lived in harmony, we’ve always lived in humour, we always took care of each other and this was gonna be a big change among our people. So it was very vital concerns that come up about the environment. What will, what, what would development do to our animals? What will development do to the migration of the animals? Because if the animals are affected the people will be greatly affected...
24	00:14:13:19 00:14:54:11 <C009> Alaska Native Claim Settlement Act 00:14:55:16 <C010> December 1971 00:14:58:06 <C011> 12 Native-owned Regional Corporations 00:15:03:23 <C012> Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea North Slope Brooks Range 00:15:14:14 <C013> Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Division of Native land-ownership 00:15:16:01 <C014> REGIONAL CORPORATION Sub-surface rights to selected lands within the region (OIL & MINERAL RESOURCES) 00:15:19:24 <C015> VILLAGE CORPORATION Surface rights to selected lands surrounding village (SUBSISTENCE USE) 00:15:36:12 <C016> ANCSA settlement Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 1971 – 3,537 shareholders 00:15:38:06 <C017> 5,000,000 acres of land 00:15:40:01 <C018> $22,540,000 capital	V/O #10: Besides concerns about the environment, the Kuukpikmiut, along with Alaska’s other Eskimo, Indian and Aleut Natives, saw oil development as an exploitation of their natural resources. If development could not be halted, they wanted their share of the rewards. In 1971, after several years of difficult campaigning and lobbying by Alaska’s Natives, the U.S. Congress passed the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act – or ANCSA as it became known. ANCSA attempted to recognise part of the Native claim to the land, whilst paving the way for development of the oil industry. Under the act, all persons who were at least 25% native would enrol as shareholders in one of the native-owned corporations which were established for each region. The Inupiat of the North Slope became shareholders of Arctic Slope Regional Corporation. At the same time, they became shareholders in the village corporation of their choice – usually the corporation of their home village. According to the act, the regional corporations would own the sub-surface rights to selected lands, whilst the village corporations would own the surface rights to selected lands around the villages. The shareholders would receive 100 shares in each corporation. Of the 44 million acres of land and nearly a billion dollars allocated by Congress to be divided amongst the new corporations, Arctic Slope region received 5 million acres of land and 22½ million dollars. It was the intention of Congress that it would be the corporations, rather than the tribal governments or municipalities, which would become the locomotive for the social and economic growth of Native Alaska. When ANCSA was passed, much of Alaska's lands were still unselected. The newly established regional and village corporations found themselves - along with the state and federal governments - in a race to select lands which would be valuable in the future. The Kuukpikmiut relocation to Barrow and other towns - as a result of previous government policies - was convenient for the State of Alaska and the oil companies, who saw an uninhabited Colville Delta as a lucrative natural resource. The Kuukpikmiut claim to their homelands was at stake.
25	00:16:27:00	Eskimo singing
26	00:16:42:17	INTERVIEW #10 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: ...They would lose... a part of their history, a part of their tradition, a part of their lifestyle of their grandfathers and their ancestors as well. So they knew that that was an option that they could not live with. Is to lea- lose those Colville lands...
27	00:16:59:16	INTERVIEW #11 Joe Nukapigak, President Kuukpik Corp: Most of our older people, my parents wanted to go back and eh, to be in more subsistence environment... hunting and fishing was the most important... because there’s bountiful of fish and wildlife here in the region...
28	00:17:14:11	VO #11: The Kuukpikmiut chose to resettle their homelands and establish a new village, and with it a new village corporation which would select land around the Colville Delta for Kuukpikmiut ownership. It took a series of legal battles with the State and the oil industry, but by 1973 they had staked and won their claim. The Kuukpikmiut were on their way home...
29	00:17:37:22 00:17:39:13 <C019> JOE NUKAPIGAK President, Kuukpik Corp. ‘94-‘99	INTERVIEW #12 Joe Nukapigak, President Kuukpik Corp: In the spring of ’73 that’s when we, when we start arriving here. Myself, I didn’t know where Nuiqsut was being a young man, it was awesome adventure for me.
30	00:17:48:23 00:17:59:10 <C020> ELI NUKAPIGAK	INTERVIEW #13 Eli Nukapigak: It was the journey of our lifetime... Took us 2 weeks to travel had one snow-machine... and there were about 11 of us in our family. Was a quite a bit of journey that we… This is our forefathers that live here before and you were anxious to see the new land what kind of animals and stuff that we have here in this Colville delta.
31	00:18:16:00	INTERVIEW #14 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: I was about 7 years old when we moved from Barrow to Nuiqsut and... ...You never know those children that you met, and those adults that you met back then, were gonna be lifetime friends and lifetime neighbours and new loved ones and new friends for your life...
32	00:18:35:13 00:18:45:07 <C021> MAE MASULEAK	INTERVIEW #15 Mae Masuleak: When we reach here there was only 1, 2, 3, 4 tents I think. ...I was surprised too when I say wow! people who used to go out camping with us in Barrow they’re all living here. Still the same, hunt together, work together... ...Inupiaq way is, you know, they help each other, they hunt together and they share food...
33	00:19:00:10	INTERVIEW #16 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: It was a very happy environment, everybody was very happy. There was a lot of laughter in the air, lot of excitement ehm, when we came and parked next to another tent, besides 2 tents, I, I asked my folks: Are we staying here? And my dad says: Forever!
34	00:19:22:00	VO #12: During that spring of ’73, 27 families journeyed overland to pitch their tents on the banks of the Nechelik Channel They named this place Nuiqsut – which in Inupiaq means “A beautiful place over the horizon” or “the new horizon”. Their village had a name – but little else yet – there were no buildings, roads or public utilities. For 18 months, the people of Nuiqsut lived in tents. Church services and community meetings were held under canvas, or under the open sky. Each day the men vacated the tents so that their children could attend school. For over a year, the villagers of Nuiqsut lived in isolation from the world outside, few provisions were available, the people lived almost totally off the land. With the construction the following winter of an ice-runway the villagers could begin to import provisions, machinery and building supplies.
35	00:20:27:22	INTERVIEW #17 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: The first batch of planes came in with lumber and we knew that this was gonna be our permanent settlement. This was not talk no more…to see a house being built in where it was massive naked land, no structures of any kind ‘n seeing houses built was… We knew then and that, that our, our town was being built and was gonna be here... and it was gonna be a real thing.
36	00:20:55:14	V/O #13: The Inupiat tradition of sharing was essential during the early days of Nuiqsut. Today, sharing continues to be an important part of the subsistence way of life. Each autumn, Nuiqsut’s whaling crews travel 70 miles down the Colville River to the Beaufort Sea in pursuit of the bowhead whale. When a whale is killed and butchered, the meat is brought home to the village and stored in ice cellars. For the Inupiat, hunting and butchering a whale is a communal endeavour – the ultimate symbol of sharing.
37	00:21:25:16	INTERVIEW #18 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: ...The whole idea of hunting and fishing is to share your success. If you don’t do that the next time you go out, it’s a superstition, that you will not be successful and something dangerous will or may happen to you... You have to share with the elder, with the widowed especially, but with everyone pretty much...
38	00:21:47:21	V/O #14: According to the rules of an age-old tradition, the whale meat and blubber are shared between the captain, his crew, and the entire community. The community’s share is distributed at Thanksgiving in November, at Christmas, and at the nalukataq festival in June which marks the end of the whaling season.
39	00:22:15:00 00:22:51:11 <C022> PRUDHOE BAY 1973	V/O #15: In the early 70s, the villagers here needed more than the sharing of whale meat to sustain their new village. They also needed money. By establishing Nuiqsut, the villagers were able to form their own village corporation, giving them access to some of the money which Congress had set aside under ANCSA. They were also able to receive help from their regional corporation. They could now begin to build homes and public utilities, and to establish the basic public services necessary to support the community. By the time Nuiqsut was founded in 1973, the development of the Prudhoe Bay oilfields, some 60 miles to the east, was well under way. Within 4 years the oil companies would begin to harvest the great wealth of the North Slope. Ever since the State of Alaska sold North Slope oil leases to the oil companies in the mid-sixties, the Inupiat Eskimos realised that oil development on state owned land around Prudhoe Bay would give the oil companies and the State of Alaska an enormous wealth. One in which the Natives would have little share. The Inupiat leaders had an idea to turn US law to their advantage by creating the North Slope Borough, a self-governing municipality the boundaries of which - identical to those of the Arctic Slope Region – would encompass both the Prudhoe Bay oilfield and the other lands of the North Slope, which the oil industry was eager to explore. The idea of the North Slope Borough was opposed by the state government and the oil industry, because the borough, under US law, would have the power to tax the oil companies for their use of the land. The ensuing legal battle was won by the Inupiat people, and the new borough was approved, thus ensuring that some of the oil wealth would remain on the North Slope. The borough achieved planning authority over the entire region, enabling the Native population to regulate development in the hope of limiting the impact of the oil industry on their way of life. Following its incorporation in the summer of ‘72, the North Slope Borough had a substantial tax base with which to finance the improvement of housing, education and public services in all the 8 communities of the North Slope – including Nuiqsut. Gradually, more families settled in Nuiqsut, and the village corporation, Kuukpik Corporation, established businesses - a fuel depot, a small construction company and a village store. With the development of the oilfields came economic growth and the emergence of a cash economy on the North Slope, though for Nuiqsut, there were few jobs yet. For a while, it appeared that the Kuukpikmiut efforts to maintain a traditional way of life, and to avoid the cultural and social impact of development, which other Alaskan communities were experiencing, had paid off. Nuiqsut continued to be a traditional Inupiat Eskimo community. Well into the 70s and early 80s, the villagers here relied more on subsistence hunting for their food than any other community on the North Slope. Similarly, Inupiaq remained the principal language in the village of Nuiqsut. The spirit of their ancestors had brought the Kuukpikmiut back to their homeland, where the fruits of the land, the sea and the sky, would give nourishment strength and spirit to a new generation.
40	00:25:35:18	Tukle song
41	00:26:16:00	V/O 16: Continued development of the oilfields of Prudhoe Bay brought economic growth to the State of Alaska – along with a massive influx of oil workers from outside the state, many of whom settled in the south around Anchorage. With this population boom, Alaska’s economy became dependent on oil. Having invested over 18 billion dollars on the strength of the Prudhoe Bay oilfield, the oil companies continued their exploration for further oil reserves on the North Slope. By the end of the 70s a new, major oilfield had been delineated under the Kuparuk River, to the west of Prudhoe Bay. The Kuparuk field lies some 30 miles east of Nuiqsut, on lands over which the great caribou herds migrate each year and where the Kuukpikmiut hunted. With the opening of the Kuparuk River unit in 1981, these lands became closed to the hunters of Nuiqsut.
42	00:27:12:00	INTERVIEW #20 Eli Nukapigak: You can’t hunt there eastside no more, because so many pipelines and facilities in that area. It hurt me that our hunting area are being depleted slowly… your ancestors’ homeland now being developed... It’s the very impact that we have to live with.
43	00:27:36:12	INTERVIEW #21 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: ...It’s your natural instinct, as a native, to stay away from structures, to stay away from pipelines, from development when you’re hunting and fishing... because there is no link between the land and yourself when there’s a oil-rig in the middle. So, it was very hard for my father to relocate, to relearn another part of the land... it was very hard for him to determine which areas he was gonna teach us when we became young men. Because he wanted us to be in areas where we weren’t gonna be impacted like he was in the eastern Colville area.
44	00:28:15:00	V/O #17: Oil development has had some impact on the wildlife of the tundra. Certain species of wildfowl have moved to nesting-grounds away from areas where exploration and construction activities have taken over the land. For the most part, the oilfields of Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk River have had little impact on the overall migration routes of important subsistence animals. For the caribou, the oilfields are a safe haven, one in which they enjoy the first right of way and are protected from the hunter. By the mid-eighties the subsistence culture and the cash economy would converge. The closure of the oilfields to hunting activities has meant that hunters must now travel further to reach the animals – making them increasingly dependent on snow-machines and motor-boats and on gasoline for their engines. To pay for these needs, the villagers of Nuiqsut needed cash income. With few jobs to be had in the village, many turned to construction work in the oilfield.
45	00:29:15:18 00:29:27:17 <C023> JAMES TALLAK	INTERVIEW #22 James Taallak: For anyone who hasn’t really spent much time out of the village... it would be a culture shock... eh, with all the machinery eh, the people the different types of people that work there. A lot of them are from the lower 48, out of state, south Alaska, Anchorage area, Fairbanks. From the big cities. If any native, who aren’t accustomed to that, would, would certainly get shocked... This is totally different culture, it’s work around the clock for 24 hours a day. 12 hour shifts... it’s just a high paced industrial world compared to living here in Nuiqsut.
46	00:29:50:21	V/O #18: Working in the oilfields gave the Natives a taste of things to come. During the 80s, the communities of the North Slope would feel the full impact of the oil boom and the wealth which oil would bring. The development of the oilfields resulted in the need for hundreds of construction workers to build and maintain roads, pipelines and production facilities. Construction labour was also in demand in the North Slope communities as the borough government – rich in oil revenues - embarked on a massive capital improvement programme throughout the borough. Though the villages lagged behind the City of Barrow with regard to construction projects, they received some benefits from the oil wealth. Nuiqsut saw the construction of a new school, better roads, new houses and public utilities, including electric power. The regional corporations were quick to identify the construction industry as an area of enormous business potential. They established many subsidiaries, which quickly won lucrative construction contracts in both the oilfields and the villages. Though often dependent on non-native labour, they were able to provide training and employment for their Native shareholders. As shareholders of Arctic Slope Regional Corporation, the villagers of Nuiqsut received regular dividends, which the corporation was able to pay from its profits from its oil and construction activities. The cash economy had arrived, bringing with it many material benefits. But the village quickly grew dependent on imported goods and living conveniences, which only a continued cash income could maintain. As Nuiqsut came of age, the original settlers were no longer alone. Many who had grown up and started families, had married shareholders of other village corporations. Likewise, some families had moved to Nuiqsut from other villages, but remained shareholders in their home village corporation. Until now, this made little difference, as Kuukpik Corporation had little wealth from its village store and fuel business. But time had moved on - Nuiqsut was no longer a homogenous community, its citizens no longer united by the common experience of the resettlement years. One unifying factor was the villagers’ relationship to the land – a relationship which would face serious challenges when in 1993, ARCO Alaska announced the discovery of Alpine - a new oilfield under Kuukpik lands on the Colville delta, only 8 miles outside the village of Nuiqsut.
47	00:32:31:12	INTERVIEW # 23 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: I think the main concern of the people were, is, will they be able to hunt and fish traditionally as they’ve been for many years…
48	00:32:40:05 00:32:41:08 <C024> ROSEMARY AHTUANGARUAK Community Health Practioner, Nuiqsut	INTERVIEW # 24 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut: Our people rely on the land, the water, the air for their daily sustenance. Without the land and the spirit of the animals and the spirit of the land and the water our people starve.
49	00:32:58:03	INTERVIEW # 25 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: I know the frustration that my dad went through… I’m facing the same frustration I am with my sons today. Ehm, I have learned this area…and now there’s development... and I’m very frustrated of trying to figure out of where I’m gonna teach my sons to hunt and fish.
50	00:33:17:06 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak/Clip 049	INTERVIEW # 26 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut: People that come from various areas; it’s not their land their gonna get back on that plane and leave.
51	00:33:23:18	INTERVIEW # 27 Eli Nukapigak: The money might be good to the people, but the food chain will be impacted by the oil industry. Contamination, oil spill and air pollution are the main problem that we have to face with in the future time.
52	00:33:14:16	INTERVIEW # 28 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut: And if there’s an oil spill… It’s not gonna go into their drinking water. They’re gone. But our people need to be able to go out and get these animals to feed our own families and without it we are not a whole people.
53	00:33:58:19	INTERVIEW # 29 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: We’re a community of 300 people when this discovery was made and eh, 90% Inupiaq, all Eskimos, and so it was a big concern about the influence of alcohol, the influence of drugs, influence. Just outside sources going, getting into our youth. Eh, we’re having a hard time already enough trying to teach our language, keep our language, keep our traditions, and so this was another big social impact, concern, that was on the village on this discovery.
54	00:34:30:17 00:34:39:12 <C025> LANSTON CHINN General Manager, Kuukpik Corporation	INTERVIEW # 30 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: We first told the oil companies that we didn’t even want to discuss money, that we first had to deal with those issues of great priority to the people here and those were issues of subsistence, protection of the land and the environment and until those issues were resolved, until those issues were satisfactorily addressed that it was, it was meaningless to, to talk about money.
55	00:34:57:14	V/O #19: Whilst the villagers had their concerns about Alpine, they could also see the benefits which the new oilfield could bring. But if they were to have any say in the development they would have to influence the State Government’s planning authorities and negotiate a deal with ARCO - the oil company. The community appointed Kuukpik Corporation to represent the interests of the entire village, shareholders and non-shareholders alike. Kuukpik owned the land, but it was Arctic Slope Regional Corporation that owned the subsurface resources, so the villagers of Nuiqsut would also have to negotiate with their own regional corporation, the economic interests of which were in direct conflict with Kuukpik’s role as custodian of the land. The oil industry, the State of Alaska, and the regional corporation all had a clear economic interest in the development of Alpine – but without access to Kuukpik lands to build drilling pads, processing facilities, an airfield and a pipeline, development would be impossible.
56	00:35:57:06	INTERVIEW # 31 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: It also presented itself as an opportunity... to develop businesses. To find the means through which they could leverage their ownership of the land to get meaningful jobs and training and educational opportunities for the people of this area.
57	00:36:14:16	INTERVIEW # 32 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, City of Nuiqsut: You know, if it’s in your backyard you have an interest in it. And so... if there were to be any royalties or monies made out of this, we would like to see our people get a piece of that pie as well...
58	00:36:28:16	INTERVIEW # 33 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: There was a bit of soul searching that had to be done in terms of… identifying just exactly what was truly important for the people, not just for the corporation but for the community of Nuiqsut.
59	00:36:39:09	V/O #20: The villagers’ determination to have their say in the development convinced the oil company and the regional corporation, that Nuiqsut’s demands should be met. ARCO began construction in the winter of ‘97. Besides complying with the stringent demands dictated by State and Borough planning permits, the construction also took into account many of the concerns of the villagers of Nuiqsut. Unlike previous new fields on the Slope, there would be no road connection to Alpine, nor would there be any road between the new field and Nuiqsut. Alpine would be an island on the tundra, drilling rigs, major buildings, heavy equipment and supplies would be hauled over temporary ice-roads in the winter.
60	00:37:20:12 00:37:23:11 <C026> SKEET SMITH Site Manager – Alpine Oilfield	INTERVIEW # 34 Skeet Smith, Site Manager – Alpine oilfield: Now that we’re totally an island. There’s no way of getting in here right now except by aeroplanes. All the work we do, all the produce we, we’re bringing in, everything we do right now has to be here.
61	00:37:32:15	V/O #21: To minimise damage to the tundra and the permafrost, the entire oilfield was built on a gravel island. Once the gravel pads were built, drilling could commence. At the same time, work began on the construction of the base camp and the production facilities. The workforce during the first winter construction seasons totalled over a 1000. The local peoples’ greatest concern was about the proposed construction of a 40 mile pipeline, linking Alpine to the Kuparuk River field, providing fuel for construction and, one day, carrying Alpine oil to market. Besides the obvious risk of oil pollution, the villagers were worried about the caribou. The annual migration routes could be obstructed by the pipeline on its way across the tundra and under the Colville River.
62	00:38:21:13	INTERVIEW # 35 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: If the pipeline height was not adjusted to accommodate the migration of the caribou, then the caribou would have to go around a pipeline, large distances, and that would create a problem for people here, the local hunters here, where then they would have to travel miles and miles further themselves in order to get the game that they were traditionally used to being able to get here, locally, within the Colville delta... In order to resolve that issue... the oil company actually re-designed their pipeline... and established a new system where the pipeline can be as high as 30 feet in the air, but on a average is now 10 feet... If you have a mechanism through which eh, the oil companies must work with you to resolve this kind of potential conflict... a solution can be found.
63	00:39:14:15 MONTAGE Helicopter arrival
64	00:39:19:22	V/O #22: The right to influence development in detail, was one of the terms, which the villagers demanded during their initial negotiations with the oil company and which resulted in the establishment of a Subsistence Oversight Panel.
65	00:39:34:13 <C027> ISAAC NUKAPIGAK President, Kuukpik Corp.	INTERVIEW # 36 Isaac Nukapigak, President Kuukpik Corporation: Eh, the power the Subsistence Committee have is to, to oversee the, the protection. Make sure there’s no environmental damage being done... ...It’s just matter of... keeping eye on the, the industry. Make sure things are being done right. ...We have the power to shut down any, any production that may harm the environment which may harm also harm our subsistence resources.
66	00:40:00:07	V/O #23: Kuukpik’s ownership of the land gives Nuiqsut a unique advantage. Few places in the world, has an oil company had to give a local community such extensive control over its operations. A production stop or pipeline shutdown would cost the oil company thousands of dollars a day – a clear incentive to cooperate with the community and to take its concerns seriously. Having addressed many of the concerns about development, the community was ready to explore the opportunities which the oilfield could offer. The first jobs taken by Natives were seasonal construction jobs, but as time passed some of the villagers – especially those with training and experience from outside the village - have found permanent employment at Alpine.
67	00:40:44:08 00:40:45:20 <C028> PEARLETTA KITTICK LOMAR Spill response employee	INTERVIEW # 37 Pearletta Kittick I love it. I love it out here. This is, this is home. I mean I was raised 10 miles away in Nuiqsut so this is just wonderful... You really, you can’t beat the pay, the work or the place. I think it’s wonderful.
68	00:41:07:01 00:41:22:21 <C029> THOMAS NAPAGEAK Jr. Spill response employee	INTERVIEW # 38 Thomas Napageak Jr. My responsibilities, for the Alpine project, are to keep up on environmental issues eh, patrol the pad and, and watch for spills and drips... And of course cleaning anything up that, that may get on the ground hydrocarbon-wise... We’ll go out routinely and do inspections out on the tundra. Especially out on the pipeline areas and, and make sure no damages occurred around there. ...The most important thing that we can do now is, is just to come out and, and show that the work that we are doing is environmentally responsible. ...Me and my alternate are on 2 weeks on and 2 weeks off. And eh, during the wintertime, during the construction phase for Alpine... we generally used, used to do about 6 weeks working and about a week off. I love my job. I absolutely love it. This, this is the best job I’ve had in my life, I wouldn’t trade it for anything.
69	00:42:02:06	V/O #24: Whilst an oilfield under construction brings many jobs, few of the workforce are employed directly by the oil company. Most of the work is contracted out to specialist companies, which handle everything from construction work to hotel and catering services, transport and environmental monitoring. Alaska’s Native corporations have been active in the oil industry for many years. The drilling rig at Alpine is owned and operated by the Athabascan Indian regional corporation Doyon, whose subsidiary – Doyon Drilling, has been very successful in creating employment for their Native shareholders. Whilst the Natives of Nuiqsut could seek employment with existing oilfield service companies, they were quick to realise, that by establishing businesses themselves, they could secure both corporate profits and long-term employment for the community.
70	00:42:52:10	INTERVIEW # 39 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: Kuukpik Corporation entered into a variety of joint ventures, where the expertise was brought in by outside companies and, at the same time, Kuukpik was able to establish itself in each of these joint ventures as the controlling interest. And that was important because as the land owner Kuukpik needed to remind itself that in each instance it enters into a business relationship that it’s consistent with its primary charge of protecting the land and the resources and... the interest of the people of Nuiqsut.
71	00:43:26:00	V/O #25: By entering into joint ventures, both Kuukpik and their partners won major contracts at Alpine. Two joint venture companies handle all air-freight and transport to and from the oilfield. Another company, Nuiqsut Constructors, undertakes construction work and operates heavy equipment. Other joint ventures handle catering, geophysical surveying and exploratory drilling. During the construction years, the oil company pays rent to the village corporation for its use of the land. Once Alpine begins to produce oil, Kuukpik corporation will receive a royalty payment for each barrel of oil produced. This royalty is dependent on world oil prices. With Alpine’s estimated production of 80,000 barrels of oil a day, Kuukpik corporation stands to earn between 10 and 40 million dollars a year before tax. This income, together with a share of the profits from the many joint ventures at Alpine, puts Kuukpik Corporation and its 250 shareholders amongst the wealthiest in Native Alaska. Nuiqsut is no longer tent city. Today it is a modern community with modern institutions, where the citizens now face their greatest challenge so far. Having shared nature’s wealth since time immemorial, they must now decide how to share the wealth of Alpine.
72	00:44:46:13	<Leonard Tukle sings> montage
73	00:45:59:23 Clinic	Dialogue “If she’ll let me, I’ll try and clean it out, if she won’t, we’ll just put the drops in.”
74	00:46:03:07	V/O #26: The Health Centre in Nuiqsut, like in all the villages on the North Slope, is modern and well equipped. The centre is the source of primary health care for the villagers of Nuiqsut. Rosemary Ahtuangaruak is Nuiqsut’s Community Health Practitioner. She is trained as a physician’s assistant, although there is no physician here for her to assist. The nearest doctor or surgeon is in Barrow – 130 miles away.
75	00:46:28:09 00:46:31:08 <C030> ROSEMARY AHTUANGARUAK Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut	INTERVIEW # 40 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut: We do whatever walks in the door or gets carried in the door as well as go out and see patients in their home and just help them in any way we can. We also deal with public assistance, we deal with medic aid, we deal with whatever it takes because there aren’t enough people in the community with enough background to be able to interpret some of these things that come in the mail that these people have to work with. ...You get really fed up with stuff. You get burned out very easily. You’re on call 24 hours a day whether or not you have the radio with you. I can call a physician on the phone, but they are in Barrow. And once the planes stop flying, if they can’t get S & R out here I’m the one here dealing with stuff.
76	00:47:10:12	V/O #27: Specialists fly into town every few months. For the rest of the year, Rosemary is Nuiqsut’s only doctor, nurse, midwife, pharmacist, physiotherapist, dentist and veterinarian. For the workers at Alpine, she is also the closest medical help. Until the Native Lands Claims Settlement was passed, Alaska’s Native communities were almost totally dependent on outsiders for doctors, nurses, teachers, engineers and administrators. The development which has taken place since, has been one towards Native empowerment. A goal which is totally dependent on Natives achieving education and professional training in the outside world, and returning to their villages to use their knowledge. A path which, so far, few young Inupiat have chosen to follow.
77	00:47:57:02	INTERVIEW # 41 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut: The children, I think, are facing the biggest conflict. They can see people go out and become a labourer and make 26 dollars an hour doing that without completing high school that says: Why should I go off and complete high school? So and so went to work, 26 dollars an hour, look at what they bought a new 4 wheeler and they’re running around on it! I wanna do that. Why should I stay in school for the rest of the day? And, well, you should, because you should go out and go and become the construction supervisor. You should go out and become the designer that builds this pipeline. You should be the one that’s out there welding and fixin’ this pipeline, not carrying the pipe to the person who’s going to be welding it. And it’s very difficult to get these kids to see that. They believe that this oil is going to provide for everything they could ever want. There’s gonna be jobs forever, and they don’t need to complete high school. We need every graduate to go off to college to come back with their education and have that certification and come back and says they’re certified! They’re gonna be the supervisor of this job! Otherwise there’s a white man down in California or Texas or Arizona waiting to come here and take your job!
78	00:49:08:24 Classroom	Dialogue “OK, right now I consider each of you my best students. And it’s going to stay that way, unless you show me differently”
79	00:49:17:06	V/O #28 On the first day of the new school year, the students at Nuiqsut Trapper School meet this year’s new teachers. The North Slope schools are almost totally dependent on non-native teachers, who sign up for a year or two in Alaska before returning to the lower 48 states to pursue their careers. In the last 30 years, the borough has spent millions of dollars building modern, well equipped schools in all the villages, though for Native communities, the perpetual turnover of teaching staff severely limits the school system’s ability to bridge the widening gap between the American and the native culture.
80	00:49:52:11 00:49:54:11 <C031> BERNICE KAIGELAK Bilingual teacher	INTERVIEW # 42 Bernice Kaigelak; Bilingual teacher Nuiqsut: It’s very hard. Beginning of the year is always the hardest when you don’t know your teachers and they don’t know the children and, and in the long run I think the child loses because that relationship isn’t there. It’s hard on the kids and the kids are the ones that suffer.
81	00:50:10:23	V/O #29 The Native language has also suffered. With previous generations of parents sent away to schools where their Native language was forbidden, the number of families who speak Inupiaq at home has fallen in recent decades.
82	00:50:22:15	INTERVIEW # 43 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, Nuiqsut: I didn’t speak my native language until... I was 19-21 years old I couldn’t speak a conversation with my grandmother, ‘cause all she spoke was the native language, which is Inupiaq.
83	00:50:35:15	V/O #30 The Inupiaq language, rich in its expression of ideas and words which relate to subsistence life, is poorly suited to the industrial world in which English is the dominant language – also in the school system. Eskimo parents now have the choice of enrolling their children in the bilingual immersion programme. From kindergarten to the 4th grade, children are taught in both Inupiaq and English. A new approach which relies on the few available Inupiaq-speaking teachers. This might be Native Alaska, but after 4th grade this is an American school, in which the curriculum and educational goals are all-American. The school system has a difficult job – to educate the children for a future in a world increasingly dominated by western knowledge, technology and values, as well as reinforcing their cultural identity and giving them skills which they can use in their own village. By the age of 16 or 17, young Eskimos should be experienced hunters and gatherers, schooled by their elders in the skills of subsistence, ready to assume the adult responsibility of providing for their community. Thirty years ago, with far less educational opportunity, their role in society was clear. For all its educational benefits, the very idea of an American school system in Native Alaska, founded on outside values and a continued dependency on non-native teachers, serves to reinforce the cultural conflict which today’s young Eskimos now face...
84	00:52:07:20	INTERVIEW # 44 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, Nuiqsut: Being a teenager alone is hard enough, but to live in two worlds and try to balance both worlds, the native world and the... western society world is very hard... Trying to make your parents proud of you that you can hunt and fish and do the traditional ways, and yet still make your friends think that you’re top of the line, that you can rap and you can dress in these clothes, and you can talk their talk...
85	00:52:33:03	INTERVIEW # 45 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut: ...They start having problems with attaining their goals, they lose sight of what are their goals. They don’t know. Should I go out and gain this education and come back and do this, or should I go out and catch that caribou out there? I know I can do the caribou hunting, I’ve done it before, and I can get caribou, and my family will eat for a week with that caribou. And the status that my family will give me because they’re pro- I’m providing for them is up here whereas if I go to school I’m just another student. If I go to college, I may be one of 5000 students.
86	00:53:09:04	V/O #31 Whilst leaving the village to pursue an education is a frightening prospect for many young Inupiat, the alternative of remaining in Nuiqsut is not without problems. Torn between two worlds, many of today’s youth have not had the opportunity to fully develop their subsistence skills.
87	00:53:25:18	INTERVIEW # 46 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut: The kids are becoming much more difficult to work with, they’re getting into a lot more trouble... It used to be... the uncles would come in and work with your sons and teach them how to hunt and fish and process the food. But now, our uncles are now working, and they’re tied to a time clock. They can’t go out when the geese are here, because they have to be at work from Monday through Friday but the weather is bad on the weekend, so they can’t go out and get as many geese as they normally would. The fish are running, but they have to be at the job from 8 till 17, and the fish don’t run as well after 17. And I worry about everyone of our young men. They have to try to tread the river between the 2. There’s no bridge! They’ve got to learn their subsistence life and they have to learn how to figure out eh, provide with the subsistence moon as well as the white man’s clock. And, and they are 2 different clocks. There is no way to smoothly interact there.
88	00:54:22:22 Distant Eskimo song	LINK
89	00:54:36:18	INTERVIEW # 47 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Community Health Practitioner, Nuiqsut: We end up with two suicides in the last 3 years. We lost two of our young men. One was a co-captain of the whaling crew. And the community expected so much out of him, he’s already proven to be a successful hunter. He knows how to hunt and whale and provide for his family. But he didn’t know how to interact in the white man’s culture and, and go with the responsibility of going to school every day. His desires would be out there running on the tundra looking for those animals that were gonna feed and clothe his family and he couldn’t assimilate between the two. And he got intoxicated one night and took his life.
90	00:55:19:10	INTERVIEW # 48 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, Nuiqsut: It’s taken us a long time to overcome these deaths... it’s not just one family. It affects the whole village when one person is buried. Especially because of alcohol or drugs.
91	00:55:32:18	V/O #32 In spite of the growing sobriety movement and unabated educational efforts, alcohol and drugs continue to bring sorrow to Alaska’s Native communities. Many villages like Nuiqsut, have held public referenda resulting in the total ban of alcohol within the community. Alcohol and substance abuse is a subject on which the community and the oil industry are in agreement. For several decades alcohol and drugs have been strictly forbidden in the North Slope oilfields.
92	00:56:01:11	INTERVIEW # 49 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: The discussions with the oil companies concerning the status of Nuiqsut as a dry community... occurred early on... the ground rules as far as contractor behaviour... have been made very clear with them. That none of that will be tolerated and that anyone who is caught using drugs or alcohol or bringing it into the community they are immediately dismissed.
93	00:56:26:11	V/O #33 With such strict control of alcohol and drugs in the oilfields, it is perhaps unfair to blame non-native oil workers for Nuiqsut’s abuse problem. However, the influx of non-natives which development could bring is a real concern for the villagers. If outsiders were to settle in the village, the population balance could – with the passage of time – shift away from Native majority. The alcohol issue is but one example. A few outsiders with values different from the Native population, could tip the balance and legalise alcohol in Nuiqsut where, until now, the majority of the citizens see a total ban as the only solution to the problem.
94	00:57:04:27	INTERVIEW # 50 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: Control of the land has been essential as long as the land is in native hands then ehm, they can control who can live here and who can not live here essentially...
95	00:57:18:19	V/O #34 As long as the Natives stand equal and united against the threat of outsiders, their control of the land enables them to remain an island unto themselves - to protect their culture. For Nuiqsut, the creation of the corporations and the subsequent discovery of Alpine, has created a new division. No longer between native and non-native, but between shareholder and non-shareholder. Nuiqsut faces the danger of becoming a community divided between the “haves” and the “have-nots”. Shareholders can buy a homesite plot on which to build a house. Non-shareholders, including the many children of the original settlers, cannot buy Kuukpik land. The shareholders are currently debating whether to issue shares to all afterborn, a move which would dilute the value of their shares, but go a long way to resolving the inequality which ANCSA created. Most of the villagers will have some share in Alpine’s wealth. They can look forward to enhanced dividends from their regional corporation and well paid jobs at Alpine. Six months’ construction work can pay up to 40 thousand dollars – a good wage considering that Alaskans do not pay state income tax. But unlike the subsistence harvest, the millions of dollars which Alpine will bring to this small community will not be shared equally. It is the shareholders of the village corporation who will reap the major benefits.
96	00:58:41:17	INTERVIEW #51 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: There’s gonna be a substantial amount of money and disposable income that’s going to be available to local shareholders here. An example is that ASRC a few years ago... gave its dividend out and each and every man, woman and child who are ASRC shareholders received $5000, That meant some families let’s say of 7 or 8 people received $45000,- in one lump sum... People who were working, had jobs at that time, simply cleared out of the village and they went to places like Fairbanks and Anchorage and many of them eh, didn’t come back until the money had been spent... And that’s not necessarily saying that everyone is gonna squander their money! There are some people here ... who didn’t spend any of it and who saved it.
97	00:59:29:20	V/O #35: Wealth will come to some more quickly than others, depending on whether they are shareholders, whether they are qualified to work at Alpine, and whether they choose permanent employment or settle for the seasonal jobs, which will leave them more time to maintain their subsistence activities. In any industrial society, such differences are normal, but for a community whose citizens, until recently, shared a common fortune this represents a dramatic change.
98	00:59:56:16 01:00:02:24 <C032> GEORGE WOODS Maintenance supervisor, Kuukpik Corp.	INTERVIEW #52 George Woods People get greedy. They stop sharing ‘n looking after each other... money does, does that to people. They get too much every- then they start to thinking it’s for themselves not for the others.
99	01:00:09:20	INTERVIEW #53 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak It is so vital to provide and share within the sharing of the whale. Why they can’t share the money? And, why people can’t be realistic about spreading the money and investing it and utilising it in a more efficient manner to better meet the needs of the community? I couldn’t answer you that. But I can definitely see the problems. I mean, I’ve got sets of families who aren’t able to get consistent employment and still needing public assistance in light of all this work that’s going on they still have to get medic-aid and food stamps to help meet their family needs. And I don’t know how to solve that.
100	01:00:50:06	V/O #36: The shareholders of Kuukpik have decided to put some money aside, for the benefit of all the Native residents of Nuiqsut – scholarships for the young people and employment training programmes for work in the oilfields. Kuukpik Corporation has negotiated a deal with the oil company to provide Nuiqsut with cheap natural gas – an otherwise worthless by-product at Alpine. In a village dependent on imported oil for its energy needs, natural gas will be a tangible economic benefit. As Nuiqsut prepares itself for the effects of Alpine, the community must also consider future oil development. Nuiqsut is surrounded by potentially oil rich lands, for the development of which Alpine is but the bridgehead. The village leaders have their say in the planning of the ice roads which will be built for the coming winter’s exploration. Together with the oil company, they must choose the best possible route across the tundra and its waterways. Each exploratory well represents potential fortunes for Kuukpik Corporation.
101	01:01:52:11	INTERVIEW #54 Joe Nukapigak, President Kuukpik Corp: I remember my dad saying one time when he was living... Hey son, by working with the oil companies instead of arguing with them... you will make them understand the importance of our culture, way of life. They embrace those then by working with them then things like these will be more easier for you in the future. And I think that is true today...
102	01:02:21:20	V/O #37: If anything has been proven since the oil industry arrived here on the North Slope, it is that development can only mean growth – more wells, more pipelines, more people. Bounded already by Kuparuk to the east and Alpine to the North, Nuiqsut now stands to be encircled by oilfields, as exploration gains momentum to the west and to the south. By embracing Alpine, the Inupiat have opened the door to a development which may soon become everything that their forefathers feared when they left Barrow to resettle the Colville Delta.
103	01:02:54:14	INTERVIEW #55 Leonard Lampe, Mayor Nuiqsut: We are the land owners, so we have a say so in that right now, but in future developments if we aren’t the land owners we aren’t gonna have very much say so, especially if it’s state land or federal lands.
104	01:03:07:02	INTERVIEW #56 Eli Nukapigak In 30 years from now with eh, pipeline all around Nuiqsut... there’d be very little place that you could go out hunting... they might be hunting, but they’re not gonna hunt the way we are hunting right now... Be forced to move way far from the village to go out hunting.
105	01:03:27:14	INTERVIEW #57 Leonard Lampe, Mayor, Nuiqsut We haven’t even feel the effects of Alpine. So let’s slow down here, and let’s see how this one well affects this one village, and if it doesn’t... impact the environment, or its people, or its tradition ways, then maybe there are ways to develop safely... But we have to feel the impact of this one well first...
106	01:03:49:13	INTERVIEW #58 Lanston Chinn, General manager, Kuukpik Corporation: The community of Nuiqsut here did recognise early on, that they would be dealing with a force that brought with it its own culture. Its own way of being, its own set of values... on a world wide basis oil companies had demonstrated just how dominant they could be eh, essentially lending other countries subservient to their interest and to their value system.
107	01:04:14:01	VO #38: There can be few illusions about development. Had the community said no to Alpine, the chances are that the forces of government, big oil and the regional corporation would have pushed ahead, leaving Nuiqsut with neither profit nor power. Like their forefathers who returned to keep their lands, the villagers must accept Alpine, knowing that in doing so their heritage is once again at stake. So Memorial Day is a special day for the people of Nuiqsut. By remembering their elders, they must search within themselves for the dream which brought their people home to the Colville Delta...
108	01:04:55:07	INTERVIEW #59 Leonard Lampe, Mayor Nuiqsut For our parents it was a dream, I think. It was a dream that became true for them... just a whole new town to start all over again... the Colville River always provides... our parents knew that this was the perfect place for their children to learn these traditional values and I think it’s a dream that came true for a lot of them.
109	01:05:18:12	INTERVIEW #60 Mae Masuleak We’re down there, y’know grieving for them and to let the spirits know that we’re there to care for them and we miss them especially. They’d be so happy now that their grandkids or great grandkids are getting education. And they wanted them to get education, so that they could get a good job and, you know. That’s what I hear, always hear from them. They help us, they talk to us, we listen to them and… I miss them. Our, our eldest that are passed on.
110	01:05:56:11	INTERVIEW #61 Leonard Lampe, Mayor Nuiqsut: On Memorial Day when I’m down at the grave yard I think about these people, the young people that are buried eh, alcohol and drugs abuse, suicide... I still feel the sense of a community whether he died an honourable death or a suicidal death... That person was still a big part of the community and still is in people’s hearts. And when you go down ’n see them down there at their marks eh, it gives you a lot of feelings back about that person, or that family, or that time ehm, when you were all together.
111	01:06:34:14	INTERVIEW #62 Leonard Lampe, Mayor Nuiqsut: When I see elders’ graves down there it makes me feel so proud that we still have them here in our community at our grave yard, because they helped establish the village and what it is today, of being strong Inupiaq people, that try to hold on to their traditions, but yet live in a modern world, and still try to be strong about who they are and what they wanna be.
112	01:07:01:16	V/O #39: The challenge of Nuiqsut, is a challenge faced throughout the Arctic. In the past fifty years, the Inuit culture has experienced as much change as the kingdoms and democracies of Europe in a thousand years have seen. The Arctic’s natural wealth was one which few outsiders could ever understand, and even fewer sought to harvest. Here, the Inuit have lived and died in harmony with nature’s hardship; their culture, spirituality and values but reflections of their universe. That deep beneath the tundra an untold wealth lies hidden is yet another Inuit fate dictated by creation. But on whose terms will this wealth be harvested? A question asked a thousand times in small communities across the Inuit world. A question the Kuukpikmiut will continue to ask, as they tread their path of no return, towards a new horizon...
113	01:07:59:16	INTERVIEW #63 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak I would like to see our people continue to live their subsistence lifestyle... the wholeness the men feel in providing for their families keeps them going through the years and especially in the dark times.
114	01:08:17:08	INTERVIEW #64 Eli Nukapigak I like to see Nuiqsut as it is now. But since the changes from the oil field I know this be one of the rapid growth community in the North Slope. Gonna grow faster and probably be bigger than Barrow one of these days because we’re in the middle of the largest oil field in North America.
115	01:08:40:22	INTERVIEW #65 Rosemary Ahtuangaruak I would like to see people go off and gain education to come back and work with each other to help keep control of the developments that’s going on around us.
116	01:08:53:11	(MUSIC) Leonard Tukle sings...
117	01:09:01:08	INTERVIEW #66 Leonard Lampe, Mayor Nuiqsut: My dream for Nuiqsut is to keep being the way it is... to still laugh and cry together, to still eh, be happy together, but to be a community that’s my dream is, us still be as one.
118	01:09:17:10	(MUSIC) Leonard Tukle sings...
119	01:09:35:24	(TITLE MUSIC)
120	01:09:37:00 (Dedication) <C033> This programme is dedicated to the Kuukpikmiut of Alaska and their descendants who founded Nuiqsut
121	01:09:46:07 <C034> Credits (Roll): Lighting Cameraman ADRIAN REDMOND Sound Recordists HELENE A. SOUTHERN HANNE SØNNICHSEN Production assistant SARAH-JANE HØGH REDMOND Editor ADRIAN REDMOND Production Manager HANNE SØNNICHSEN Assistant Producer HELENE A. SOUTHERN NINA NUMAN Narrator ADRIAN REDMOND Title music P. HOPE / JW MEDIA MUSIC Ltd. Music CARL ULRIK MUNK-ANDERSEN JESPER HENNING PEDERSEN Post production sound ADRIAN REDMOND Additional Music BARROW DANCERS LEONARD TUKLE, NUIQSUT THE U.S.A.F. HERITAGE OF AMERICA BAND Additional Archive Material THE NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH ALYESKA PIPELINE COMPANY THE ANCHORAGE MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND ART THE ALASKA MOVING IMAGE PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION FREDERICK TUCKLE, NUIQSUT NUIQSUT TRAPPER SCHOOL KUUKPIK CORPORATION, NUIQSUT THE TUZZY LIBRARY, BARROW Archive Researcher HELENE A. SOUTHERN The producers wish to thank the following for their support in the making of this programme THE PEOPLE OF NUIQSUT, ALASKA KUUKPIK CORPORATION ARCO,ALASKA, INC. BP EXPLORATION, ALASKA PHILLIPS PETROLEUM, ALASKA DOYON DRILLING, INC. ARCTIC SLOPE REGIONAL CORPORATION NATCHIQ, INC. ARCTIC PETROLEUM CONTRACTORS THE NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH MAYOR’S OFFICE N.S.B DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MARITIME HELICOPTERS, HOMER, ALASKA KBRW AM-FM, BARROW THE ALASKA FEDERATION OF NATIVES RHONDA & MIKE FAUBION INUIT CIRCUMPOLAR CONFERENCE, NUUK ALASKA AIRLINES NATIVE EXPERIENCE produced by CHANNEL 6 TELEVISION, DENMARK for THE HOME RULE GOVERNMENT OF GREENLAND Department of Information / Tusagassiivik Commissioning Editor H.P. MØLLER ANDERSEN Written and directed by ADRIAN REDMOND 01:10:33:02 <C035> NATIVE EXPERIENCE © 2000 Channel 6 Television Denmark
	01:10:37:00	(END OF PROGRAMME)